How should newlyweds use contraception?
The preferred method for newly married couples is the condom. The condoms currently produced are thin and soft, basically do not affect pleasure and are easy to use, but there is the problem of how to use them properly. The next most popular method is the pill, preferably the short-acting oral contraceptive pill (No. 1, No. 2 and No. 18 A).
When the wedding date is decided, the bride must start taking the pill on the fifth day of her first menstrual period before the wedding and stop taking 22 tablets in a row. If contraception is to be continued, the pills will be continued from the fifth day of menstruation for the next cycle.
When taking the pill for a longer period of time and wanting to have children, the pill should be stopped first and other methods of contraception should be used for six months before getting pregnant. If it is too late to take the pill in advance before marriage, the family visit pill can be used during the honeymoon, and the short-acting pill can be used later.
The third commonly used method is the external contraceptive film. When using the film, firstly, it is necessary to insist on it, and secondly, it should be replenished by placing one tablet during the long period of sexual intercourse, otherwise the effect will be affected.
The use of intrauterine devices is generally not recommended for newly married women. As for the safe period of contraception, because ovulation is affected by a variety of factors, in fact, the application is not safe, and does not advocate the application of sick women how to contraception hepatitis, nephritis patients should not be oral or injectable contraceptives, because the drug has to be detoxified through the liver and kidneys, excretion, which will aggravate the burden on the liver and kidneys. Condoms, birth control rings or external contraceptives can be used to prevent pregnancy.
In addition to oral and injectable contraceptives, cardiac patients should not use oral and injectable contraceptives, nor should they place birth control rings; condoms or vaginal diaphragms can be used.
Diabetics or women with a family history of diabetes should not take the pill because a few people will have a mild increase in blood sugar after taking the pill, which may cause the original hidden diabetes to develop into overt diabetes. Condoms, vaginal diaphragms or intrauterine devices can be used as contraceptives.
Women with acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, severe cervicitis and other diseases, should not be placed birth control rings, and should not choose the vaginal diaphragm, so as not to bring pathogens into the body and cause the uterine cavity sense of leakage. Condoms or contraceptive pills can be used.
For women with allergies, an intrauterine device (IUD) may be placed to avoid allergic reactions caused by contraceptive creams, films and condoms.
Women who normally have heavy or frequent menstrual periods or irregular vaginal bleeding should not use condoms, vaginal diaphragms, or take long-acting contraceptives and IUDs, but should take oral contraceptive Pill 2 to reduce the amount of menstruation. For those who usually have scanty menstruation or amenorrhea, condoms or diaphragms can be used as contraceptives.
Is it better for a woman to be sterilized or a man to be sterilized?
Permanent contraception can be achieved by sterilizing either sex. However, the reproductive organs of men and women are not the same, and the fallopian tubes and vas deferens are located in different parts of the body, thus making the operation differently difficult.
The female reproductive organs are located deep within the pelvis underneath the abdominal cavity. Sterilization, whether by surgical ligation or laparoscopic placement of clips, is performed through an incision in the abdominal wall. The technique of finding the fallopian tubes is not easy to master, and if the patient is fat it makes the operation more difficult. There is also a risk of damage to the surrounding tissues and organs if care is not taken during the operation.
The male reproductive organs are located outside the body, and a section of the vas deferens is located under the skin of the scrotum, which is very similar to a matchstick when touched; the skin of the scrotum is thinly covered with fat, so it is easy to find. Whether it is cut off and ligated or plugged with medication, the operation can be performed under the skin of the scrotum and there is no fear of damaging other tissues and organs. The operation time is short, and the rest after the operation is also short, without hospitalization. Therefore, male sterilization is superior to female sterilization and should be strongly promoted.
What happens when an older couple has a mentally retarded child?
Pregnant women over 35 years of age are medically recognized as “advanced maternal age”. Pregnant women of advanced age have a series of problems and risks, the most prominent of which are the birth of children with congenital dementia and congenital malformations. Taking the most common “congenital stupidity” as an example, some statistics show that when a mother is pregnant at the age of 30, the frequency of congenital stupidity among newborns is 1 to 885; when a mother is pregnant at the age of 35, the risk of giving birth to a child with stupidity must be smaller, but the likelihood of giving birth to a child with stupidity is greater than the possibility of giving birth to a child with a husband of the right age.
Therefore, all couples of advanced age should go to genetic counseling clinics to receive prenatal diagnosis of the fetus after pregnancy, and once abnormalities of the fetus are detected, elective abortion should be carried out immediately, which will eliminate the economic and mental burden of the family and contribute to the improvement of the quality of the country’s population.
There are many reasons why a child with mental retardation or deformities may be born. One of the main causes is a genetic disorder.
For example, congenital stupidity in leucosomal diseases; hydrocephalus in polygenic genetic diseases; and various inborn metabolic abnormalities in monogenic inheritance. The degree of dementia or deformity of such babies is more serious, and if another baby is born, the chance of having the same child is much greater than that of the general public. Another type of dementia or deformity is caused by biological, chemical and physical damage to the woman during pregnancy, causing irreversible damage to the central nervous system of the fetus, resulting in mental anomalies or malformations, which can be avoided in another pregnancy. Another kind of damage during pregnancy and delivery can also affect the intelligence of the baby, such as intracranial hemorrhage caused by birth injury during delivery, kernicterus of hemolytic disease of the newborn, etc., and most of these causes can be avoided when giving birth again.
Women who have had an abnormal child should go to a genetic counseling agency for a consultation before they get pregnant again, to understand the risk of having an abnormal child in another pregnancy; if the risk is great and there is a lack of reliable prenatal diagnosis or no effective treatment after birth, they should not have another child. If you can get pregnant again, you must follow the doctor’s instructions for prenatal diagnosis and regular prenatal checkups, and terminate the pregnancy immediately if abnormalities are found, so as to avoid having another abnormal child. For abnormal children caused by pregnancy and childbirth damage should also be dealt with according to the cause, such as avoiding the attack of teratogenic factors during pregnancy, choosing the appropriate mode of delivery, having preparations and measures to rescue the baby during delivery, and closely observing the baby after birth, and treating any abnormality in a timely manner. If the pregnant woman follows the above principles for treatment, it is possible to get a smart and healthy child.
How to make a penis sleeve correctly?
Some people think that the penis condom is just put on the penis when it is used, and anyone can use it. In fact, it is not, because the male genitals according to personal development is different, there are big and small, so before using the first according to the personal situation to choose a good number. Penis condom is made of thin high-quality latex, large, medium and small size. If the choice is not appropriate, small can not wear, easy to rupture; large easy to slip off, resulting in failure. In order to achieve good contraceptive effect, they should be used correctly.
Before use, you should blow the condom to check whether there is any air leakage. If there is no air leakage and then roll up the sleeve as it is, the front end of the small capsule pinched flat, expel the air, set on the glans of the erect penis, and then slowly rolled down until wrapped around the entire penis. After ejaculation in the penis is not completely soft before shrinkage, pinch the mouth of the set with the penis together with the withdrawal, only to remove the set, so as not to fall off the penis set, semen overflow in the vagina.
After intercourse, if you find that the penis condom has been ruptured, the woman should immediately stand up or squat down, so that semen discharge, and to the vagina into the contraceptive cream or into the external contraceptive tablets (pessary), film, or oral “53” number of contraceptive tablets, and then served for 2 days, 1 tablet per day. You can also wrap a soft cloth around your finger and dip it in warm soapy water and insert it into the vagina to wash out the semen.
Instructions for placing a birth control ring
Placement of the IUD should be carried out under strictly sterilized conditions after a full body and reproductive system examination. The placement of the IUD should be carried out under the following conditions.
(a) IUD wearers should ask their doctors about the type of IUD they are wearing, so that they can provide reference for the doctors when they remove the IUD or when it is due for replacement.
Secondly, coitus and pelvic baths are prohibited for 2 weeks after the ring is placed.
Thirdly, you should rest for a few days after placing the ring, do not do too heavy physical labor and intense exercise for 1 week, and walk less.
Fourthly, if there is heavy menstrual bleeding, small amount of vaginal bleeding, lumbago and abdominal pain after the IUD is put in place, most of them will return to normal after 2-3 months. If the bleeding is excessive, you should go to the hospital in time, and the side effects are serious, you should take out the ring, but you should not take out the ring when you have acute inflammation.
Fifth, it is best to go to the hospital for check-ups in the first, third and sixth months as scheduled, so as to prevent the sterilization ring from falling off during menstruation or under other circumstances, resulting in contraceptive failure.
The contraceptive effect of the birth control ring is more than 90%, but some people are still pregnant after the ring is placed, which may be: the ring has fallen out, I did not realize; although the ring is in the uterine cavity, but the position is not correct, lower or close to the mouth of the uterus, and can not play a role in contact with the endometrium, so it can not prevent the implantation of the pregnant egg and the development of; some people with a large uterine cavity, deformities, inappropriate selection of the ring, the ring is in the uterine cavity, but due to the ring and the endometrium of contact with the ring is not sufficient to play the role of contraception. The ring is in the uterine cavity, but the contact between the ring and the lining of the uterus is insufficient, and the ring does not work as contraception.
Who should not have an IUD?
First, serious systemic acute and chronic diseases: such as heart failure, severe anemia, blood diseases and various diseases in the acute stage should not be put the ring, because the ring in the early stage of the common menstruation, leukorrhea, lower abdominal discomfort, etc., can increase the patient’s pain or aggravate the condition. If there is bleeding tendency, menstruation will increase significantly after the IUD is put in place.
Second, inflammation of reproductive organs: such as acute pelvic inflammatory disease, vaginitis, severe cervical erosion untreated. Bacteria on the vagina and cervix can be brought into the uterine cavity with the operation of the IUD, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, and the condition of the original pelvic inflammatory disease may be aggravated after the IUD is put in place.
Third, frequent menstruation and severe dysmenorrhea: after the release of the ring can make the menstrual period continue to prolong, coupled with the original short menstrual cycle, it may make the uterus longer in the state of bleeding, easy to cause pelvic sensory leakage. Dysmenorrhea can be aggravated by the release of the IUD.
Fourth, those who have reproductive organ tumors: whether malignant or benign tumors, once diagnosed, they should be operated in time and choose contraceptive methods as appropriate after curing.
Fifth, the uterine cavity is larger than 9 centimeters, less than 5 centimeters, the uterus is obviously prolapsed, the cervical opening is too loose, the crack is serious or hard and can not be dilated should not be placed: because the uterine cavity is too large or too small, there is no suitable model to choose from, and the uterine opening is loose, the crack is heavy, or the uterus is easy to prolapse the ring.
What are some of the common methods of female mandatory sterilization?
Transabdominal small incision sterilization: A small incision is made in the abdominal wall and the fallopian tubes are cut off and ligated.
The procedure is simple and can be performed after menstruation or after childbirth. It is one of the most used methods in the country.
Second, laparoscopic sterilization: the laparoscope is delivered through the abdominal wall, and a section of the fallopian tube is electrocoagulated or ringed or clamped under the scope. This method has been carried out in hospitals that are able to do so.
Third, sticky plug sterilization; through the vaginal cervix will be a metal catheter into the uterine cavity of the fallopian tube openings, and then through the metal tube within the plastic tube will be plugging drugs pushed into the fallopian tube, resulting in chemical inflammation, so that the fallopian tube occlusion. Because it is not operated under direct vision, the success rate is affected to a certain extent, and it has not yet been widely promoted.
With the first two methods, the surgery can be performed under local anesthesia, and the latter method does not require anesthesia. All methods are less painful and can be fully tolerated. Sterilization is a once-and-for-all procedure, and is most appropriate for women who already have two children.
How long can the IUD be left in place?
The duration of IUD placement varies depending on the type.
First, not steel ring: is the longest history of China’s adoption of the most common one, at the beginning had stipulated that the placement of the age of five years. But after a large number of clinical observations, placed 10-20 years after the removal of the contraceptive ring, not steel quality does not have any change, the endometrium also has no adverse reaction, therefore, it is now recognized, not steel metal ring can be placed for more than 20 years, and can even be used as a lifelong contraceptive tool, the true to the menopause when removed. It can even be used as a lifelong contraceptive tool, and can be removed when menopause occurs.
(b) Plastic rings and contraceptive rings containing copper wires: Since plastic is easy to age and harden, and copper wires can be eroded and even broken, it is stipulated that they should be left in place for 3 to 5 years.
III. Rubber ring: Clinical applications are gradually increasing. It is more resistant to aging than plastic rings, so it can be placed for a longer period of time.
What should I be aware of when I am breastfeeding and have an IUD placed?
Breastfeeding amenorrheic women have a thin wall of uterine muscle and soft tissues, which are prone to perforation during the operation, and special care should be taken during the operation.
Prolonged breastfeeding after delivery can cause the uterus to shrink and become smaller, so if the uterine cavity is less than 5 centimeters, it is not advisable to place the ring for the time being.
If a small-sized ring is reluctantly put in, when the ovarian function is restored later, menstruation occurs and the uterus returns to its normal size, the ring will be relatively small and will not be able to make contact with the normal uterine wall, which will easily result in pregnancy with the ring.
Before placing an IUD on a breastfeeding or amenorrheic woman, early pregnancy should be ruled out and a pregnancy test should be performed in addition to checking the size of the uterus. This is because there is a possibility of pregnancy during amenorrhea.
What is the right time to put the ring in?
First, 3-7 days after menstruation, at this time, the endometrium is thin, is in the proliferation period, put the ring caused by the slight damage can be quickly repaired. In addition, at this time, the mouth of the uterus is tighter, and it is not easy to fall off after release.
Secondly, placing the ring immediately after the abortion can save another operation and prevent pregnancy immediately after the abortion. However, the abortion procedure must be done properly, with no tissue left behind.
Third, spontaneous abortion or mid-term induced abortion, should have a normal menstrual period after the release of the ring, so as to avoid feeling leakage or bleeding.
Fourth, 3 months after full-term delivery, the uterus has been restored, the uterine cavity is about the same as normal, and most people have not yet resumed ovulation, the chances of conception are less. 3 months and the ovaries to restore the function of ovulation, menstruation, although the future tide can also be conceived (after ovulation after the menstruation, if ovulation is conceived that is no longer menstruation, that is, the so-called dark fetus), so can not be delayed.
Fifth, the ring should be released six months after cesarean section. The uterus of cesarean section has a scar, and the uterus recovers slowly, so the ring should be released six months after the operation. Other contraceptive measures should be taken during the off year. Because abortion soon after cesarean section is not good and easy to do.
Sex after IUD
The main contraceptive effect of the IUD is to affect the implantation of the fertilized egg. After placing the IUD in the uterus, the uterine cavity is affected by the action of the foreign body to produce a cellular reaction, this reaction is a non-bacterial inflammatory reaction of the endometrium, which makes the leukocytes and phagocytosis greatly increased, while the tissues in the cells are also changed, and this slight endothelial change changes the conditions of growth and development of the fertilized egg, preventing the fertilization of the egg to implant, and prompting the fertilization of the egg to discharge from the body. In addition, the birth control ring can cause the local release of prostaglandins, change the uterine muscles and enhance the peristalsis of the fallopian tubes, so that the fertilized egg in the uterine membrane can not be deposited.
The birth control ring only works on the contact surface in the uterine cavity to change the conditions for the growth and development of the fertilized egg, and this effect is only localized, and does not affect the secretion of other organs of the body and the reproductive system, so it will not affect the sex life.
And after the removal of the IUD, the fertilized egg will be able to settle, grow and develop on the lining of the uterus. Therefore, placing the IUD will not affect future pregnancies. However, after the IUD is removed, it is best to use other methods of contraception for a few months in order to give the uterine lining time to recover before getting pregnant.
How does the contraceptive diaphragm work?
Contraceptive diaphragms are popular because they are easy to use and are not restricted by the menstrual cycle. However, there are many failures due to improper use. The film is a spermicide (alkylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol), a film-forming agent (water-soluble medicinal polyvinyl alcohol) and a lubricant (glycerol) in the right amount to formulate a film.
Wash your hands before use, knead 1 piece of the film into a small loose ball, and use your forefinger to deliver it deep into the vagina.
If you feel the film sticking to your hand, rotate it around inside the vagina and push it in as soon as the film comes off. Wait 10 minutes to half an hour, the film dissolved before intercourse.
Caution when using.
1, must be used consistently during each sexual intercourse, such as intercourse time is longer, can be supplemented with 1 piece.
2, the film between each piece of paper, used to prevent moisture, anti-adhesion, when used to distinguish between the film and paper, do not mistake paper for film use.
What should I be aware of after the IUD is placed?
1, after putting the ring to keep the vulva clean, short deception period prohibit intercourse and tub bath. Normally, the cervical mucus is like a pessary that prevents bacteria from entering the uterine cavity. When you put the ring due to the operation of the pessary off, at the same time the endothelium by the slight damage has not been repaired, at this time sexual intercourse is easy to cause sense of ejaculation.
2, after the operation should be appropriate rest, reduce labor, so as to avoid just put into the contraceptive ring soon again from the looser mouth of the uterus out.
3. There is often a small amount of bleeding and an increase in leukorrhea in the short term after the IUD is placed, which is due to the endometrium being bruised during the placement of the IUD as well as an increase in the secretion of the endometrial tissues being stimulated. If the bleeding is more than menstruation or lasts for more than one week, you should consult a doctor.
4, after the ring should be regularly rechecked, generally require 1 month, 3 months, half a year, 1 year after the ring is released, and then once a year until it is taken out. Because most of the bleeding and dislodging of the ring will happen in half a year to one year, regular checking can be found in time and take care of itself.
What if I miss a pill?
When using short-acting birth control pills, it is required that one tablet be taken each night starting on the fifth day of menstruation, with 22 tablets taken in a row, with no omissions. If a dose is missed and the level of estrogen in the blood drops, vaginal bleeding, called breakthrough bleeding, occurs. The incidence of breakthrough bleeding is closely related to missed doses. If you miss one dose, the incidence of bleeding is 15%; if you miss two doses, the incidence of bleeding is 20%-60%; and if you miss three doses, the incidence of bleeding is 60%-100%, so you should avoid skipping doses.
In the unlikely event of a missed dose, 1 tablet should be promptly replaced the next morning. If the bleeding is as heavy as a menstrual period, stop taking the pill, count it as a menstrual period, and start the next cycle on the fifth day. Missed doses may not only bleed, but also affect the effectiveness of contraception. Therefore, great importance should be attached to the process of taking the medicine.
To prevent missed doses, work pills should be kept in a convenient place next to the bed, and it is the husband’s responsibility to keep reminding them.
How do I take short-acting birth control pills?
Although there are several types of short-acting contraceptives, the method of taking them is exactly the same, that is, counting from the first day of menstruation, starting on the fifth day (never start from the fifth day after menstruation is cleaned up) to take 1 tablet every night, for 22 days, without interruption.
In case you miss a dose, you should make it up the next morning. Menstruation occurs naturally 1-3 days after stopping the medication, and the next week’s medication should be started on the fifth day of menstruation. If menstruation does not start within 7 days after stopping the medicine, start taking the medicine for the next cycle. If you do not have menstruation for 3 months in a row, stop taking the pill and use other methods of contraception, otherwise you may be able to conceive once ovulation resumes.
The endometrium sheds its lining and menstruation occurs only after ovulation if there is no conception, which means that ovulation comes before and menstruation comes after, and if no measures are taken, conception may occur before menstruation.
Long-acting and short-acting contraceptives should not be mixed
There are three types of oral contraceptives: long-acting, short-acting and family visit pills. They are usually taken as a single dose. If one mixes long-acting and short-acting contraceptives for fear of contraceptive failure, or if one takes a long-acting contraceptive as a short-acting pregnancy pill, it will lead to serious consequences.
This is because the long-acting contraceptive pill is usually used only one tablet per month, while the short-acting contraceptive pill is taken one tablet per day for 22 days starting from the fifth day of menstruation. If long-acting contraceptives and short-acting contraceptives and short-acting contraceptives are taken together, or long-acting contraceptives are taken as short-acting drugs, their dosage increases, and as a result, liver function is impaired, jaundice occurs, and it often takes more than 1 year of treatment to restore health. Therefore, long-acting and short-acting contraceptives should not be mixed and should be taken as a single dose.
Unreliable contraceptive methods
1. Extracorporeal sperm discharge method. Extracorporeal spermatozoa method of contraception, that is, before ejaculation will be withdrawn from the penis in the vagina, the semen will be discharged outside the vagina, in order to achieve the purpose of contraception. This method is not easy to grasp, and it is easy to cause excessive mental tension between husband and wife. Sudden interruption of sexual intercourse will affect sexual pleasure, but also due to the ejaculation before the semen has been less semen into the vagina, thus leading to fertilization. Therefore, although the method of extracorporeal spermatozoa is simple, but because of the unreliable contraceptive effect, it is best not to use.
2, pressure urethra method. Pressure urethra contraceptive method, that is, before ejaculation, the male party with a finger tightly pressed perineum for 1 minute, thus closing the urethra, so that the discharge of semen reflux back to the bladder. This method is not good to grasp the time of ejaculation and the exact location of the pressure, and in vitro ejaculation has similar shortcomings, so it should not be used.